How to check for hematuria
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine, which may be visible as red urine (macrohematuria) or only seen under a microscope (microscopic hematuria). The causes of hematuria are diverse and may be caused by urinary system diseases, systemic diseases, or drugs. The following is detailed information about hematuria examination, including common examination methods and precautions.
1. Common examination methods for hematuria
The examination of hematuria requires a combination of medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests. The following are common examination items:
| Check items | Check content | Inspection purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Routine urine examination | Urine red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, pH value, etc. | Preliminarily determine the source of hematuria and whether it is accompanied by infection |
| Urine red blood cell morphological examination | Observe red blood cell morphology | Distinguish between glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria |
| Urine culture | Testing for bacteria in urine | Diagnose whether it is caused by a urinary tract infection |
| blood test | Blood routine, renal function, coagulation function, etc. | Assess general health and kidney function |
| Imaging examination | B-ultrasound, CT, MRI or intravenous urography | Check for stones, tumors, or structural abnormalities |
| Cystoscopy | Direct viewing inside the bladder and urethra | Diagnosing bladder or urethra lesions |
2. Possible causes of hematuria
The causes of hematuria are complex and may involve urinary system or other system diseases. The following are common causes:
| Cause classification | specific disease |
|---|---|
| urinary tract disease | Urinary tract infection, kidney stones, nephritis, cystitis, tumors, prostatic hyperplasia, etc. |
| systemic disease | Blood diseases (such as leukemia), hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. |
| Drug or food factors | Anticoagulant medications (such as aspirin), certain antibiotics, and eating red foods (such as beets) |
| other reasons | Strenuous exercise, trauma, genetic diseases (such as polycystic kidney disease) |
3. Precautions for hematuria examination
1.Preparation before inspection:Avoid strenuous exercise, and women should avoid menstrual periods to avoid affecting test results.
2.Urine sample collection:It is recommended to collect urine in the middle of the morning to avoid contamination and ensure the accuracy of the examination.
3.Imaging examination:Some examinations (such as CT) may require fasting or drinking water to fill the bladder in advance. Doctor's advice is required.
4.Seek medical attention promptly:If hematuria is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, low back pain, frequent urination and urgency, you should seek medical attention immediately.
4. Treatment and prevention of hematuria
The treatment of hematuria needs to be formulated according to the cause, such as:
-Infectious hematuria:Treat with antibiotics.
-Stones or tumors:Surgery or medication may be needed.
-Glomerular disease:It needs to be combined with immunosuppressive or hormone therapy.
Measures to prevent hematuria include:
1. Drink more water to keep your urinary tract clean.
2. Avoid overexertion and strenuous exercise.
3. Control basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
4. Regular physical examinations, especially for people with family medical history.
Conclusion
Hematuria may be a sign of a variety of diseases, and timely examination to determine the cause is crucial. Through urinalysis, imaging examinations and other methods, doctors can accurately diagnose and formulate treatment plans. If you find hematuria, don’t ignore it and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
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